Translations by Shushi Kurose

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Some manufacturers do not provide accurate profiles for the hardware and the profiles are best avoided. A good clue is to download the profile, and if the creation date is more than a year before the date you bought the device then it's likely dummy data generated that is useless.

Set the <link xref="sound-volume">volume</link>, configure sound <link xref="media">settings</link>, and control media players like <app>Rhythmbox</app>.

Automatically run applications for CDs and DVDs, cameras, audio players, and other devices and media.

You can see what sound card you have by using the <cmd>lspci</cmd> command in the <app>Terminal</app>. You can get more complete results if you run <cmd>lspci</cmd> as <link xref="user-admin-explain">superuser</link>; enter <cmd>sudo lspci</cmd> and type your password. See if an <em>audio controller</em> or <em>audio device</em> is listed—it should have the sound card's make and model number. <cmd>sudo lspci -v</cmd> will show a list with more detailed information.

If your sound card is not detected, you may need to manually install the drivers for it. How you do this will depend on the card you have.

Check if the sound drivers aren't very good.

Some sound cards don't work very well on Linux because they don't have very good drivers. This problem is more difficult to identify. Try searching for the make and model of your sound card on the internet, plus the search term "Ubuntu", to see if other people are having the same problem.

Audio cables and connectors can gradually wear with use. Try plugging the cable or headphones into another audio device (like an MP3 player or a CD player) to check if there is still a crackling sound. If there is, you may need to replace the cable or headphones.

In the <gui>Sound</gui> window that appears, try selecting a different output from the <gui>Play sound through</gui> list.

More advanced tips

Follow these tips if you can't find a file you created or downloaded.

Check your disk's health using the Disks application

Enable <em>selection mode</em> by pressing the tick button above the contact list.

Press <gui style="button">Edit</gui> in the top-right corner of <app>Contacts</app>.

Press on the <gui>Detail</gui> that you want to use. For example, to email your contact, press the email address.

To add a <gui>detail</gui> such as a new phone number or email address, press <gui style="button">New Detail</gui> and select the field that you want to add.

The corresponding application will be launched using the contact's details.

Color management is the process of capturing a color using an input device, displaying it on a screen, and printing it all whilst managing the exact colors and the range of colors on each medium.

The best way of ensuring the profile you have is accurate is by doing the calibration yourself, or by letting an external company supply you with a profile based on your exact characterization state.

ProPhoto is the largest space available and is frequently used for document archival. It can encode nearly the whole range of colors detected by the human eye, and even encode colors that the eye cannot detect!

<em>FakeBRG</em>: This will not change the screen, but will swap around the RGB channels to become BGR. This will make all the colors gradients look mostly correct, and there won't be much difference on the whole screen, but images will look very different in applications that support color management.

Now, if ProPhoto is clearly better, why don't we use it for everything? The answer is to do with <em>quantization</em>. If you only have 8 bits (256 levels) to encode each channel, then a larger range is going to have bigger steps between each value.

To control access to your shared files, refer to the <gui>Bluetooth Sharing</gui> settings. See <link xref="sharing-bluetooth"/>.

The best way to back up your files is to do so regularly, keeping the copies off-site and (possibly) encrypted.

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<link xref="keyboard-layouts">Input sources</link>, <link xref="keyboard-cursor-blink">cursor blinking</link>, <link xref="windows-key">super key</link>, <link xref="a11y#mobility">keyboard accessibility</link>…

The Super key provides access to the Dash and the Launcher.

The Super key can help you do even more than that, though. To learn about more uses for the <em>Super</em> key, see the <link xref="shell-keyboard-shortcuts">keyboard shortcuts</link> page.

The Super key serves a special function in <em>Unity</em>. If you press the Super key, the Dash is displayed. If you press <em>and hold</em> the Super key, an overlay showing many of Unity's keyboard shortcuts appears until you release the Super key.

Go to the <gui>Audio/Video</gui> tab and look at which <gui>codec</gui> is listed under <gui>Video</gui>.

To email the file, select <gui>Email</gui> and enter the recipient's email address.

This field is displayed if you are looking at a file (not a folder). The size of a file tells you how much disk space it takes up. This is also an indicator of how long it will take to download a file or send it in an email (big files take longer to send/receive).

Add or remove a contact in the local address book.

The photos lens is the fifth lens after the Dash home in the <gui>lens bar</gui> and is represented by a camera. The photos lens gives you access to photos on your computer or from <link xref="accounts">Online Accounts</link> such as Facebook or Google Picasa.

You can use <keyseq><key>Super</key><key>C</key></keyseq> to open the Dash directly at the photos lens.

Many laptop computers have a hardware switch or key combination to turn Bluetooth on and off. If the Bluetooth hardware is turned off, you will not see a Bluetooth icon in the menu bar. Look for a switch on your computer or a key on your keyboard. The keyboard key is often accessed with the help of the <key>Fn</key> key.

The keypad is a set of numerical buttons on your keyboard, usually arranged into a square grid. If you have a keyboard without a keypad (such as a laptop keyboard), you may need to hold down the function (<key>Fn</key>) key and use certain other keys on your keyboard as a keypad. If you use this feature often on a laptop, you can purchase external USB keypads.

Many laptop computers have a hardware switch or key combination to turn Bluetooth on and off. If the Bluetooth hardware is turned off, you will not see a Bluetooth icon in the top bar. Look for a switch on your computer or a key on your keyboard. The keyboard key is often accessed with the help of the <key>Fn</key> key.

Some laptops have mute switches or keys on their keyboards—try pressing that key to see if it unmutes the sound.

Many laptop computers have a hardware switch or key combination to turn Bluetooth on and off. If the Bluetooth hardware is turned off, you will not see a Bluetooth icon in the menu bar. Look for a switch on your computer or a key on your keyboard. The keyboard key is often accessed with the help of the <key>Fn</key> key.

Turn the touchpad off while typing to prevent accidental clicks.

Touchpads on laptops are often located where you rest your wrist while typing, which can sometimes cause accidental clicks while you type. You can disable the touchpad while you type. It will only work again a short time after your last key stroke.

If you change your mind and want to re-enable the scrollbars, run this command:

To change the number of rows, type the following command, changing the final number to the number you wish. Press <key>Enter</key>.